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Heat and Thermodynamics (last updated: 2020 October 11)
Chapter 1. Introductory Remarks
1.1 | Introduction |
1.2 | Caloric, Calories, Heat and Energy |
1.3 | Extensive and Intensive Quantities |
1.4 | Mole, Avogadro’s Number, Atomic Mass Unit |
1.5 | Prepositions |
1.6 | Applicability of Equations |
Chapter 2. Partial Derivatives
2.1 | Introduction |
2.2 | Partial Derivatives |
2.3 | Implicit Differentiation |
2.4 | Product of Three Partial Derivatives |
2.5 | Second Derivatives and Exact Differentials |
2.6 | Euler's Theorem for Homogeneous Functions |
2.7 | Undetermined Multipliers |
2.8 | Dee and Delta |
Chapter 3. Temperature
3.1 | Introduction |
3.2 | Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics |
3.3 | Temperature Scales (1) |
3.4 | Temperature Scales (2) |
3.5 | Exercises |
Chapter 4. Thermal Conduction
4.0 | The Error Function |
4.1 | Introduction |
4.2 | Thermal Conductivity |
4.3 | The Heat Conduction Equation |
4.4 | A Solution of the Heat Conduction Equation |
4.5 | Heat Conduction in Gases and Liquids |
Chapter 5. Thermodynamic Processes
Chapter 6. Properties of Gases
6.1 | The Ideal Gas Equation |
6.2 | Real Gases |
6.3 | Van der Waals and Other Gases |
6.4 | Gas, Vapour, Liquid and Solid |
6.5 | Kinetic Theory of Gases: Pressure |
6.6 | Collisions |
6.7 | Distribution of Speeds |
6.8 | Forces Between Molecules |
Chapter 7. The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
7.1 | The First Law of Thermodynamics, and Internal Energy |
7.2 | Work |
7.3 | Entropy |
7.4 | The Second Law of Thermodynamics |
Chapter 8. Heat Capacity, and the Expansion of Gases
8.1 | Heat Capacity |
8.2 | Ratio of the Heat Capacities of a Gas |
8.3 | Isothermal Expansion of an Ideal Gas |
8.4 | Reversible Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas |
8.5 | The Clément-Desormes Experiment |
8.6 | The Slopes of Isotherms and Adiabats |
8.7 | Scale Height in an Isothermal Atmosphere |
8.8 | Adiabatic Lapse Rate |
8.9 | Numerical Values of Specific and Molar Heat Capacities |
8.10 | Heat Capacities of Solids |
Chapter 9. Enthalpy
9.1 | Enthalpy |
9.2 | Change of State |
9.3 | Latent Heat and Enthalpy |
Chapter 10. The Joule and Joule-Thomson Experiments
10.1 | Introduction |
10.2 | The Joule Experiment |
10.3 | The Joule-Thomson Experiment |
10.4 | CP Minus CV |
10.5 | Blackbody Radiation |
Chapter 11. Heat Engines
11.1 | Introduction |
11.2 | The Carnot Cycle |
11.3 | The Stirling Cycle |
11.4 | The Otto Cycle |
11.5 | The Diesel Cycle |
11.6 | The Rankine Cycle (Steam Engine) |
11.7 | A Useful Exercise |
11.8 | Heat Engines and Refrigerators |
11.9 | Entropy is a Function of State |
Chapter 12. Free Energy
12.1 | Review of Internal Energy and Enthalpy |
12.2 | Free Energy |
12.3 | |
12.4 | Helmholtz Free Energy |
12.5 | Gibbs Free Energy |
12.6 | Summary, the Maxwell Relations, and the Gibbs-Helmholtz Relations |
12.7 | The Joule and Joule-Thomson Coefficients |
12.8 | The Thermodynamic Functions for an Ideal Gas |
12.9 | The Thermodynamic Functions for Other Substances |
12.10 | Absolute Entropy |
12.11 | Charging a Battery |
12.12 | Surface Energy |
12.13 | Fugacity |
Chapter 13. Expansion, Compression and the TdS Equations
13.1 | Coefficient of Expansion |
13.2 | Compression |
13.3 | Pressure and Temperature |
13.4 | The TdS Equations |
13.5 | Expansion, Compression and the TdS Equations |
13.6 | Young's Modulus |
13.7 | Rigidity Modulus (Shear Modulus) |
13.8 | Volume, Temperature and the Grüneisen Parameter |
Chapter 14. The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
Chapter 15. Adiabatic Demagnetization
15.1 | Introduction |
15.2 | Adiabatic Decompression |
15.3 | Adiabatic Demagnetization |
15.4 | Entropy and Temperature |
Chapter 16. Nernst's Heat Theorem and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
16.1 | Nernst's Heat Theorem |
16.2 | The Third Law of Thermodynamics |
Chapter 17. Chemical Thermodynamics
17.1 | Equilibrium Constant |
17.2 | Heat of Reaction |
17.3 | The Gibbs Phase Rule |
17.4 | Chemical Potential |
17.5 | Partial and Mean Molar Quantities |
17.6 | The Gibbs-Duhem Relation |
17.7 | Chemical Potential, Pressure, Fugacity |
17.8 | Entropy of Mixing, and Gibbs' Paradox |
17.9 | Binary Alloys |
17.10 | Ternary Alloys |
Chapter 18. Experimental Measurements
18.1 | Introduction |
18.2 | Thermal Conductivity |
18.3 | The Universal Gas Constant |
18.4 | Avogadro's Number and Boltzmann's Constant |
18.5 | Specific Heat Capacities of Solids and Liquids |
18.6 | Specific Heat Capacities of Gases |
18.7 | Latent Heat of Fusion |
18.8 | Coefficient of Expansion |
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